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In-Situ Chemical
Oxidation used to Remediate Residual Hydrocarbon
Contamination at Former Mill Warehouse Facility in Central Massachusetts
Maureen Dooley
Regenesis, William Fabbri, WJF Geoconsultants
Novel Uses of
Advanced Diagnostic Tools for Chemical Oxidation and
Bioremediation Applications
Matthew Burns,
WSP Environment & Energy,
Woburn, MA
Erin Huntley, WSP Environment
& Energy, Pittsburgh, PA
David Bouchard, WSP Environment & Energy,
Cazenovia, NY
Limited-Access Bioremediation in a Factory Setting
Deborah R.
Farnsworth, MyKroWaters, Inc., Concord, MA
Willard A. Murray, EEC, Marlborough, MA
Daniel L.
Bronson, Bronson Drilling,
North Cambridge, MA
Successful Cleanup of Chlorinated Solvents and Petroleum
at Jewelry Manufacturing Facility Utilizing the Multiple
Response Action Approach
Glen Cote, Coler
and Colantonio
In-Situ
Application Design Considerations for use of a
Controlled-Release, High-Volume, Wide-Area Electron
Donor
David S.
Peterson, and Craig Sandefur, Regenesis
Removal of
Perchloroethylene within a Silt Confining Layer using
Hydrogen Releasing Compound®
Daniel Marsh,
Irwin Engineers,
Natick, MA
J. Andrew Irwin,
Irwin Engineers,
Natick, MA
In-Situ Chemical
Oxidation used to Remediate Residual Hydrocarbon
Contamination at Former Mill Warehouse Facility in
Central Massachusetts
Maureen Dooley, Regenesis,
19 Belmont Road,
Wakefield,
MA, Tel: 781
245-1320, Fax: 781 245-1329, Email:
mdooley@regenesis.com
William Fabbri, WjF GeoConsultants, 2789 Boston Road,
Wilbraham,
MA, Tel: 413 233-
4220, Fax:
413 596-6013, Email: wfabbri@wjfgc.com
Chemical oxidation was used to
address hydraulic oil/EPH contamination at a former Mill
site in
Worcester,
MA.
WjF conducted the full-scale RegenOx™ injection
program that included injecting 9,440 pounds of RegenOx™
into 1.25-inch diameter 84 injection points over four
rounds from January 2007 through December 2007.
Although not intended to physically force LNAPL
but to chemically treat LNAPL beneath the concrete slab,
during the injection events, oil desorption was observed
from the soil and crushed stone (fill) beneath the slabs
and forced into the open trenches where a continued
reaction and partial destruction were noted.
Free phase oil was recovered in the open trenches
using a vacuum truck.
In late January and early February 2008,
pre-selected areas of the trench network (representing
approximately 62% of the trench network) were backfilled
with crushed stone.
WjF selected areas to be backfilled based on the
gauging data and field observation recorded during
previous vacuum extraction events.
Following completion of RegenOx™
treatment, soil samples were collected from new borings
placed adjacent to earlier borings and compared the
results of EPH and target analyte analysis.
Overall, significant reduction in the
concentration of petroleum compounds was observed,
indicating that the treatment was successful in reducing
the concentrations of petroleum in soil beneath the
slab. A
similar evaluation for groundwater samples was conducted
and results showed EPH reductions ranging from 86 to
99%.
After one year of gauging
monitoring wells that contained oil and the lack of oil
observed in the trenches, the remaining portions of the
trenches were backfilled with processed fill and
finished with industrial strength concrete in October
and November 2008.
The project was closed with an Activity and Use
Limitation (AUL) in December 2008.
Novel Uses of Advanced Diagnostic Tools for Chemical
Oxidation and Bioremediation Applications
Matthew Burns, WSP
Environment & Energy, 300 Trade Center,
Woburn, MA 01801, Tel: 781-933-7340, Fax:
781-933-7369, Email: matt.burns@wspgroup.com
Erin Huntley, WSP Environment & Energy, 750 Holiday
Drive, Suite 410, Pittsburgh, PA
15220, Tel: 412-604-1040, Fax: 412-920-7455,
Email: erin.huntley@wspgroup.com
David Bouchard, WSP Environment & Energy, 5 Sullivan Street, Cazenovia, NY 13035, Tel: 315-655-3900, Fax:
315-655-3907, Email: dave.bouchard@wspgroup.com
Traditional site characterization
techniques rely on layers of costly and often tangential
data to demonstrate the technical viability of chemical
or biologically-mediated degredation of chlorinated or
petroleum compounds released to the environment. Recent
advances in commercially-available analytical science,
including molecular biological tools (MBT) and
compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA), are changing
the way sites are evaluated by supplementing or, in some
cases, replacing the traditional assessment protocols.
Data are presented from several sites in Connecticut, California,
Florida, Georgia,
New York, and Tennessee illustrating
the novel use of these techniques to aid in site
assessment, remedial selection, and remedy performance.
Case studies highlights include quantitative polymerase
chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of data collected from
passive Bio-Trap® samplers and CSIA to
demonstrate complete natural attenuation of chlorinated
compounds in a zoned aquifer; stable isotope probing to
track the environmental fate of 13C-labeled
petroleum contaminants; CSIA and 13C
fractionation patterns used to track chemical oxidant
delivery; and
in-situ microcosm studies to cost-effectively assess
remedial design options.
Limited-Access Bioremediation in a Factory Setting
Deborah R. Farnsworth,
President, MyKroWaters, Inc., PO Box 1088,
Concord,
MA
01742,
USA,
978-369-3037, deborahf@mykrowaters.com
Willard A. Murray, ECC, 33 Boston Post Road West, Suite 340,
Marlborough,
MA
01752,
USA,
978-944-1778, wmurray@ecc.net
Daniel L. Bronson, President, Bronson Drilling, PO Box
400013, North Cambridge, MA 02140, USA, 617-610-1801,
dan@bronsondrilling.com
A factory in
New Hampshire had a volatile
organic compound (VOC) release detected in a storm-water
outfall pipe. Hydrogen Release Compound (HRC) injection
was determined to be the best remedial solution. Tight
soils, shallow water table, access limitations, and
pending property sale complicated remediation.
Groundwater was
directly below the floor slab. The plume was centered on
the storm-water drain which carries runoff from the
upgradient parking lot under the building. The VOCs are
believed to have entered the subsurface in the central
area of the building through spillage; the storm drain
system was a preferential pathway.
The groundwater contamination was
addressed through bioremediation using HRC. Application
required many injection points and applications, due to
the low permeability of the soil. Due to interference
with operations and property sale, repeated openings of
the floor for injections using a drill rig were not
feasible.
Permanent injection points were installed, but would not
be accessible for direct injection. Therefore, a trench
was cut into the concrete floor slab between each point
and the wall. Piping ran from the injection point to the
wall, terminating at a standpipe with a quick-connect
fitting. Each trench was then fillled with concrete to
restore the floor slab.
Since starting HRC treatment, VOC
levels at the outfall have dropped to below the state
regulatory standard. One well had levels of 1800 ug/L
and 1200 ug/L of Cis-1,2 Dichloroethene
and Vinyl
Chloride in April, 2008. By January, 2009, both were
below MCLs.
Site closure is expected to be completed in a reasonable
timeframe. The treatment has not interfered with Site
activities or with sale of the Site.
Successful Cleanup of Chlorinated Solvents and Petroleum
at Jewelry Manufacturing Facility Utilizing the Multiple
Response Action Approach
Glen Cote,
Coler & Colantonio, Inc., 101 Accord Park Drive,
Norwell, MA 02061, Tel: 781-982-5461,
Fax: 781-982-5486
Cleanups of distressed industrial properties can be
costly and take several years to reach closure.
By properly assessing the nature and extent of
the contamination, a remedial action plan can be
developed using a combination of response actions to
achieve a successful and less costly cleanup.
This strategy was used for the cleanup of a
former jewelry manufacturer site into a residential
condominium development. Assessment activities indicated
that chlorinated solvents and petroleum hydrocarbons
contaminated the soil and groundwater underlying the
site at two separate areas.
To reach the development goals, it was determined
that the most effective and efficient remedial
activities would be to remove the “source” of the
contamination by excavating the contaminated soil and by
treating the groundwater.
Following the “source” removal, bio-enhancement
additives and chemical oxidizers were used to cleanup
the residual contaminates, specifically Oxygen Releasing
Compound (ORC©), Hydrogen Releasing Compound
(HRC©), and RegenOx©.
The combination of these activities, in
conjunction with a Risk Characterization Assessment and
the implementation of engineered control measures,
successfully achieved a condition of No Significant
Risk. These
response actions achieved the remedial goals in a timely
manner and the development of the residential
condominium complex could now be constructed on this
distressed property.
This strategy can be implemented at other
contaminated sites to reduce the remedial activities,
cost, and time to cleanup the contamination.
This presentation will walk you through a case
study that will go step by step through the process of
selecting the appropriate remedial options and
development of the remedial action plan for a former
jewelry manufacturing facility.
In-Situ Application Design Considerations for use of a
Controlled-Release, High-Volume, Wide-Area Electron
Donor
David S. Peterson,
Regenesis, 9 Bard Ave, Red Hook, NY 12571, Tel: 845-758-9243,
Fax: 845-758-9253, Email: dpeterson@regenesis.com
Craig Sandefur, Regenesis, 1011 Calle Sombra, San Clemente,
CA
92673, Tel:
949-366-8000, Fax: 949-366-8090, Email:
csandefur@regenesis.com
Use of controlled release electron
donors applied as high-volume and wide-area reagents
have not only proved successful in promoting reductive
dechlorination but have ushered in opportunities for
increased economic and efficient bioremediation
remedies. However, with the drive for wide-area coverage
of a controlled release electron-donor come application
and design challenges in determining effective
distribution and dosing requirements. A discussion of
lessons learned from injection of both low and
high-volume reagents as well as trends and knowledge
from the in-situ remediation industry will be presented
as a background to the data presented on the high-volume
electron donor remediation projects.
Data from a select number of field
sites will be presented demonstrating the effective
distribution and longevity of an advanced, controlled
release electron donor technology. These project sites
are primarily chlorinated solvent sites, located in
North America and Europe
and illustrate treatment in different and challenging
geologic and geochemical environments. The presentation will illustrate linkage of the volumes of electron donor
applied, the hydraulic conditions of the application
sites, and the overall effectiveness of the applied
electron donor. An assessment of radius of
influence as it relates to the volumes injected and
initial injection radius will be made in order to
provide the audience with some design guidelines for
high-volume electron donor application.
Removal of
Perchloroethylene within a Silt Confining Layer Using
Hydrogen Release Compound®
Daniel Marsh,
IRWIN Engineers, Inc., 33 West Central Street,
Natick, MA,
01760, Tel: 508-653-8007,
Email: dmarsh@irwinengineers.com
J. Andrew Irwin, PE, LSP, IRWIN Engineers, Inc., 33 West Central Street,
Natick, MA,
01760, Tel: 508-653-8007,
Email: airwin@irwinengineers.com
The Site is a former dry cleaning
operation where a release of perchloroethylene (PCE) to
soil and groundwater had occurred.
The Site is located in the Connecticut River basin
with PCE up to 250 mg/L in perched groundwater above a
silt-layer aquitard.
Site risk is driven by the soil vapor intrusion
pathway into the commercial building.
Soil vapor extraction was implemented to mitigate
vapor intrusion, with no appreciable change in the
perched groundwater conditions. Our evaluation of soil
data following multiple Hydrogen Release Compound®
(HRC) applications into the perched groundwater on top
of a
Connecticut River basin silt deposit finds that
treatment in the sandy unit above the aquitard achieved
significant reduction of PCE in the silt layer below
over an 8-year period.
This discovery changed the project Conceptual
Site Model and led to further evaluation of the source
of PCE feeding into soil gas.
With decreased groundwater concentrations of PCE
but persistent soil gas concentrations, Membrane
Interface Probe (MIP) work was done to further assess
the extent of additional area within the perched
groundwater that required treatment.
The results indicated that the extent of
significant concentrations of PCE was in a broader area
than the initial treatment zones.
Following the MIP results, additional in-situ HRC
treatment in the perched aquifer over a broader area
than previous injections was implemented with the intent
of removing a significant mass of PCE.
Four months following the full-scale treatment,
data show decreasing PCE concentrations measured in
perched groundwater.
In addition, the ratio of PCE break-down
compounds (TCE and DCE) to the amount of PCE in the
source area increased following the HRC application,
suggesting source degradation.
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