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International In-Situ Chemical
Oxidation Remediation Case History (Trento, Italy)
Isaac Aboulafia,
MECX, LP, Houston, TX
Richard Cartwright MECX,
East Amherst, NY
International In-Situ Bioremediation Case History
Richard Raymond, Terra Systems, Wilmington, DE
Michael D. Lee, Terra Systems, Wilmington, DE
Toru Chino,
Terra Systems, Wilmington, DE
Using Real Time Visualization and Feedback to Support
Global Site Assessment Projects
John Sohl, Columbia Technologies, Inc., Baltimore, MD
Innovative In-Situ Injection at a Brownfield Site
Patrick Hicks, Wavefront Energy and Environmental,
Limited, Raleigh,
NC
International Barrier Wall
Installation Case History:
Use of
Waterloo
Barrier Groundwater Containment Wall in Brownfields
Redevelopment
Robbie Laird, C3 Environmental, Limited, Breslau,
Ontario, Canada
Challenges to Bioremediation and Phytoremediation of Oil
Sands in
Kuwait
and Other Gulf Region Countries
Valentine Nzengung, Planteco Environmental
Consultants, Inc.,
Athens, GA
International In-Situ
Chemical Oxidation Remediation Case History (Trento,
Italy)
Isaac Aboulafia,
MECX, LP,
3203 Audley Street,
Houston,
Texas 77098,
USA, Tel:
713-585-7008, Fax: 713-585-7049, Email:
Isaac.Aboulafia@mecx.net
Richard Cartwright MECX,
LP,
8096 Clarherst Drive, East
Amherst,
NY, USA, Tel:
713-412-9697, Fax: 713-585-7049, Email:
Richard.Cartwright@mecx.net
Successful remediation pilot
demonstration was performed at former petrochemical
plant located in
Trento,
Italy. Release
of oils and PAHs from processing facility soil pit had
caused extensive site soil contamination and concern for
groundwater migrating to adjacent river. After sixteen
years of operating a soil vapor extraction and pump &
treat system, ISCO remedy was chosen because of its
ability to rapidly desorb and destroy source area
contaminant mass. ISCO recirculation system using sodium
persulfate activated by catalyzed hydrogen peroxide was
designed and implemented
Target groundwater remediation zone
was located at depths from 36 to 48 feet below grade
surface. Groundwater dissolved plume extends for
approximately 3 miles along a drainage channel to the
river. Lithology of affected zone consisted primarily of
silty clays with sand lenses. Three application wells
were installed within a triangle with an extraction well
located in the center of the triangle approximately 12
feet from each application well. Logistical challenges
included delivery of chemicals and handling of chemicals
at this remote location. Remediation program also
included recirculation of fluids from extraction well to
enhance desired groundwater flow and control chemical
dispersion through the target treatment area while
containing the mass and prevent migration to adjacent
drainage channel. All recirculation fluids were used as
makeup water for the application of the sodium
persulfate and iron catalyst.
ISCO recirculation process
increased flow from a baseline of 0.25 gpm to 2 gpm with
an application pressure being maintained at 10 psi.
During three day application, all odor and NAPL was
eliminated from all the wells and visual staining of the
sediments was removed. Dissolved concentrations were
measured after 4 weeks and found to be below action
levels.
Successful demonstration has resulted in approval by
Regional Environmental Agency and Italian Federal Agency
for project continuance to full scale operations.
International In-Situ Bioremediation Case History
Richard L. Raymond, Jr., Terra
Systems, Inc. 1035 Philadelphia Pike, Wlimington, DE
19809, USA, Tel: 302-798-9553, Fax:
302-798-9554, Email: draymond@terrasystems.net
Michael D. Lee, Ph.D., Terra Systems, Inc. 1035
Philadelphia Pike, Wlimington, DE
19809, USA, Tel: 302-798-9553, Fax:
302-798-9554, Email: mlee@terrasystems.net
Toru Chino, Terra Systems, Inc. 1035 Philadelphia Pike,
Wilmington, DE
19809, USA, Tel: 302-798-9553, Fax:
302-798-9554, Email: tchino@terrasystems.net
In the
U.S., the selection of
remediation technologies has historically been driven by
cost, efficacy, and regulatory acceptance.
However, site owners in a number of other
countries do not have the same site cleanup drivers as
in the
U.S.
Environmental technology companies are finding
that international opportunities are increasing for a
variety of reasons.
However, international remediation projects pose
unique communication, regulatory, and local
infrastructure support problems.
This presentation reviews the in
situ bioremediation project at a site in
Japan
impacted by PCE and the issues that were encountered
during the project design and implementation phases.
The site is a tube manufacturing plant located in
Shiga
Prefecture.
This project is one of many (over 90%) site
remediation projects in
Japan
that are done on a voluntary basis with little or no
regulatory oversight.
Using Real Time Visualization and Feedback to Support
Global Site Assessment Projects
John Sohl,
Columbia Technologies, 1448 South Rolling Road, Baltimore, MD
21227
USA,
Tel: 01-410-536-9911, Fax: 01-410-536-0222, Email:
jsohl@columbiatechnologies.com
A great advantage of using real
time field measurements is that site assessments and
remedial monitoring can be more flexible, collecting
only data that focuses on better characterization,
monitoring and risk assessment needs. One of the
greatest challenges on projects remote from key decision
makers where a lot of onsite data are collected is the
real time processing, communication and transformation
of the data into useful decision-making information.
The presenter will provide case studies
incorporating real time information systems into the
setup and calibration of direct sensors; the collection
and quality assurance of field data; and the
transformation of the field data into decision making
information.
SmartData Solutions© is an
integrated data management platform that allows all
types of field measurements to be processed immediately
so that the entire technical team can participate in
data review and the optimization of field decisions
without them all having to be on site.
Data from mobile and fixed laboratories as well
as direct sensing measurements (MIP, UVOST, CPT and
stationary sensors) are integrated into high resolution
3D images that can be updated and disseminated every
hour. The result of this process is a continuously
evolving Conceptual Site Model that is posted to a
secure webpage that all the parties can access and
discuss. It
also allows for the input and output to the CSM to be
ground-truthed and refined in real-time by guiding field
sampling activities.
This process results in a better supported and
better tested site characterization and remedial
optimization effort and provides a more reliable data
set for risk assessment.
The adoption and utilization of
this data management platform on international projects
has changed the planning, management, and reporting
approach to one that is much more efficient and
effective at reaching more appropriate solutions in a
timely and cost effective manner.
It allows global participants to more easily
implement dynamic work strategies with a high degree of
confidenceprinciples on a wide variety of sites.
Innovative In-Situ Injection at a Brownfield Site
Patrick Hicks, Ph.D.
Wavefront Technology Solutions, USA, Inc.
8004 Looking Glass Ct., Raleigh, NC 27612,
Tel: 919-424-7563; Email: patrickh@onthewavefront.com
The challenges associated with
optimizing delivery of in-situ remediation products have
been identified over the last 10 years.
Radius of influence and uniform distribution of
remedial products are critical parameters for
cost-effective implementation and improved remediation
efficacy.
Enhanced in-situ bioremediation was implemented at a
chlorinated ethene-impacted Brownfield site.
An innovative patented technology known as the
Primawave was evaluated to assess the ability to
enhancing radius of influence and product distribution.
A pilot-scale study was designed to compare the
distribution of an emulsified oil substrate via
conventional hydraulic injection versus enhanced
injection with Primawave.
An electrical conductivity survey was implemented
track product distribution and the extent of influence.
It was observed that zones where product was
effectively distributed resulted in increased electrical
conductivity presumably due to the presence of sodium
lactate, which was considered a tracer for the EC
profiling.
The Direct Image® EC System from Geoprobe®
was employed to assess pre-injection and post-injection
electrical conductivity at defined radial distances from
the respective injection points.
Analysis of the EC data proved to be a valuable
tool for the assessment of the radius of influence.
Full-scale in situ treatment was completed based
on the design parameters defined in the pilot tests.
This optimized injection scheme and design
resulted in more than 40% saving in remediation costs,
or approximately $ 175,000.00.
Significant reductions in site contaminants were
observed in post-injection sampling events.
Favorable geochemical conditions, presence of
amendment, and reduction of contaminants coupled with
the detection of
Dehalococcoides further support biological reductive
dechlorination at this site.
The remediation project resulted in greater than
98% mass removal in the shallow source zone.
Additionally,
treatment in the upper zone has resulted in evident
treatment of portions of the less-permeable lower
glacial till unit.
International Barrier Wall
Installation Case History:
Use of
Waterloo
Barrier Groundwater Containment Wall in Brownfields
Redevelopment
Robbie Laird, C3 Environmental
Low permeability containment walls
are being used at Brownfields sites for groundwater
pollution control.
Contaminants are prevented from moving off-site
or into adjoining waterways, while site control
activities, such as source removal and plume remediation
are conducted in an isolated subsurface environment.
Complete entombment of complex contamination by
vertical enclosure and a cap can be appropriate if
effective remediation technologies are currently not
available.
The Technology
The Waterloo Barrier containment
wall is a patented system of sealable joint sheet piling
developed at the University of Waterloo’s
Institute for Groundwater Research. A sealable cavity is
incorporated at the interlocking joint between
individual steel piles during the manufacturing process.
Standard pile driving equipment is used to
install the Barrier to depths up to 80 ft. in
unconsolidated deposits.
A steel footplate welded at the base of each
cavity displaces soil laterally as the piles are driven
into the ground, preventing the build-up of compacted
soil within the cavity.
Any loose soil within the cavity is flushed clean
with pressurized water after driving.
A grout injection line is then lowered to the
bottom of the open cavity and a low permeability grout
is emplaced from bottom to top.
The preferred sealant for permanent installations
is a cement-based grout modified with expanding agents.
Quality assurance and control
procedures during construction focus on the only
potential leak path through the vertical cutoff wall
which is the joints.
Individual sheet piles are numbered and their
alignment monitored during driving.
During flushing it can be verified that each
sealable cavity is open along its entire length.
Records of grout volume, pumping time, and
starting depth provide assurance that each cavity has
been completely sealed.
Field testing of numerous closed cells indicates
that bulk wall hydraulic conductivities of 10-8
to 10-10 cm/sec are achieved, well below the
10-7 cm/sec required by regulatory agencies
for vertical barriers.
Installation of the Waterloo
Barrier is rapid with minimal site disturbance and no
excavation of contaminated soils.
Its predictable hydraulic performance and long
service life are important advantages.
The system is adaptable to irregular layouts and
can easily be installed and sealed in areas with
topographic variation, high water table, or through
surface water bodies.
The Waterloo Barrier sealed sheet
pile wall forms an effective hydraulic barrier that can
be used for containment purposes only or used in
combination with various remediation techniques.
At the same time it can provide structural
support for excavation or shoreline stabilization.
Its design flexibility, ease of construction, and
superior hydraulic performance have made it an integral
component of the remedial activities at numerous
Brownfields sites.
Challenges to Bioremediation and Phytoremediation of Oil
Sands in
Kuwait
and Other Gulf Region Countries
Valentine
Nzengung,
PhD, PLANTECO Environmental Consultants, LLC,
337 South Milledge Avenue, Suite 202,
Athens,
Georgia
30605,
USA , Tel:
706-316-3525; E-mail: vnzengun@planteco.com
The United Nations Compensation
Committee (UNCC) and the Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) have
approved high temperature thermal desorption,
landfilling, bioremediation, and revegetation (phytoremediation)
as suitable technologies for the remediation of oil
sands from Gulf War One. Also, many Gulf States now favor the
use of bioremediation and phytoremediation as aesthetic
and sustainable technologies to mitigate oil
contamination from petroleum exploration, refining and
transportation activities.
However, there are very significant challenges
that must be overcome for bioremediation and
phytoremediation to be successfully applied in Kuwait and the Gulf region.
The main challenges to the successful application
of bioremediation are the hot dry local climate of the
Gulf region and the weathered oil sands that have been
exposed to the sun for more than a decade.
The volatile oil fraction has been lost by
evaporation and the heavy ends make-up greater than 95%
of the residual contamination.
The soil properties and availability of fresh
water pose additional challenges.
The soils tend to be sandy, have very high salt
content and low organic carbon content.
The average evaporation rates are very high and
fresh water is scarce.
Thus, bioavailability of the petroleum heavy ends
must be overcome for bioremediation and phytoremediation
to work and the environmental conditions that support
healthy bacteria and plant growth must be engineered and
sustained.
This presentation highlights the challenges to
bioremediation and phytoremediation of
Kuwait
oil sands and how the specific challenges can be
overcome. Specifically, we will explore potentially
effective options for stimulating and sustaining
bacteria growth on oil sands contaminated with petroleum
heavy ends.
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